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181chap.IVPatient Relief Activity Records [Essays and Research Publications]FUKUSHIMA: Lives on the LineN. TAKAMURA et al.IMPACT ON WORKERS' HEALTH IN CHERNOBYLRadioactive fallout caused internal exposure among residents in Chernobyl. However, workers who were in the nuclear power plant when the accident happened and those who did the recovery operation after the accident had a potential risk of high-level external exposure. The same is true in the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. In Chernobyl, 134 people were diagnosed with acute radiation syndrom (ARS). ARS killed 28 of them immediately and 19 of them died due to various reasons between 1987 and 2004. According to the follow-up survey for the workers who registered in the emergency work in the Russian Federation, 116 people died because of solid cancers and 110 people died due to cardiovascular diseases. However, causality with radiation exposure is unknown. The survey also identified that 24 death cases were attributed to acute leukemia, however, the cause was difficult to prove since the average radiation was 115 mSv5). Another follow-up survey conducted for the decontamination workers in the Ukraine reported that 18 workers died due to acute leukemia and their radiation exposure was between 120 and 500 mSv6). The impacts on cardiovascular and immune systems of the decontamination workers have been argued in Chernobyl, however, until today, nothing explicit has suggested the relation between radiation exposure and the impacts. Analysis of other confounders and long-term accurate investigation and examination are essential.Currently, the uppermost radiation exposure is specified as 250 mSv for the workers in the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. Although this value is recommended by International Commission on Radiologica1 Protection (ICRP), long-term follow-up is needed for the workers as well as monitoring their potential cancer risk. Establishing a system to protect the well-being of citizens in Fukushima Prefecture and the decontamination workers is urgently required.CONCLUSIONDespite the fact that almost half year has passed since the disaster, we are still recovering from the nuclear accident. Those who were forced to evacuate have been suffering from unbearable agony. It is crucially important to learn lessons from the accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, which happened 25 years ago, in order to revive Fukushima and to provide the citizens with a sense of security.In this paper, we wrote evidences which were approved by United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR), IAEA, WHO, and other autholized organizations because we believe that scientists are required to be sensitive to the accuracy of information when they send it to the society. Unfortunately, some professionals have presented health impacts in Chernobyl through mass media when that fact was not internationally agreed with and we think that is beneath one's dignity.REFERENCES1. Christodouleas JP, Forrest RD, Ainsley CG, Tochner Z, Hahn SM, Glatstein E. Short-term and long-term health risks of nuclear-power-plant accidents. N Engl J Med, 364(24) : 2334-2341, 2011.2. Saenko V, Ivanov V, Tsyb A, Bogdanova T, Tronko M, Demidchik Y, Yamashita S. The Chernobyl accident and its consequences. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol), 23(4) : 234-243, 2011.3. World Health Organization. Heath effects of the Cher-nobyl accident and special health care pro grammes. In : Bennett B, Repachoi M, Carr Z, eds. Report of the UN Chernobyl Forum Expert Group “Health". Ge-neva, 2006.4. Demidchik YE, Saenko VA, Yamashita S. Childhood thyroid cancer in Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine after Chernobyl and at present. Arq Bras Endocrinol Me-tabol, 51(5) : 748-762, 2007.5. Cardis E, Kesminiene A, Ivanov V, Malakhova I, Shiba-ta Y, Khrouch V, Drozdovitch V, Maceika E, Zvonova I, Vlassov O, Bouville A, Goulko G, Hoshi M, Abrosimov A, Anoshko J, Astakhova L, Chekin S, Demidchik E, Galanti R, Ito M, Korobova E, Lushnikov E, Maksiou-tov M, Masyakin V, Nerovnia A, Parshin V, Parshkov E, Piliptsevich N, Pinchera A, Polyakov S, Shabeka N, Suonio E, Tenet V, Tsyb A, Yamashita S, Williams D. Risk of thyroid cancer after exposure to 131I in child-hood. 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